Journal of Asian Scientific Research | Vol 7, Issue 8, August2017


FATTY ACIDS AND ITS DERIVATIVES AS CORROSION INHIBITORS FOR MILD STEEL – AN OVERVIEW

Phadke N. Swathi1 --- Kedila Rasheeda 2 --- Seranthimata Samshuddin3+--- Vijaya D.P. Alva4

1,3 Department of Chemistry, Sri Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwara Institute of Technology, Ujire, Karnataka, India

2,4Department of Chemistry, Shree Devi Institute of Technology, Kenjar, Mangalore, Karnataka, India

ABSTRACT

Steel is the most important engineering and construction material in the world. Corrosion problems have received a considerable amount of attention because of their attack on materials. Corrosion not only has economic implications, but also social and these engage the safety and health of people either working in industries or living in nearby towns. The use of inhibitors is one of the most practical methods for protection against corrosion. Organic compounds are investigated as corrosion inhibitors, but unfortunately most of these compounds are not only expensive but also toxic to living beings. Fatty acids extracted from plants have become an environmentally acceptable, readily available and renewable source for inhibitors. Many corrosion inhibitor molecules were synthesized by derivatization of fatty acids which was extracted from vegetable oils. Review of literature indicated that the derivatives of fatty acids like ethyl ester, ethoxylate, sulfate, imidazoline, sulfate-amine salt, hydrazides, thiosemicarbazides, phenyl hydrazides, triazoles, oxadiazoles,phenyl thiosemicarbazide etc. were the effective corrosion inhibitors for mild steel in aggressive media.

Keywords:Fatty acid, Corrosion inhibitor, Steel, Vegetable oils, Weight loss method, Electrochemical method.

ARTICLE HISTORY: Received: 30 June 2017, Revised: 18 July 2017, Accepted: 25 July 2017, Published: 2 August 2017

Contribution/ Originality: This study contributes to summarize the existing literature of fatty acid derivatives as corrosion inhibitors.

1. INTRODUCTION

The use of inhibitors is one of the most practical methods for protection against corrosion [1]. The process of corrosion inhibition is based on the adsorption of the inhibitor molecules on the active sites and/or deposition of the corrosion products on the alloy surface [2]. It has been reported that many inorganic, organic and polymeric compounds containing hetero atoms with high electron density such as phosphorus, nitrogen, sulfur, oxygen, with double or triple bonds in their structures can act as efficient inhibitors for the corrosion of steel due to their ability to provide active centers for the process of adsorption [3]. However, most of the effective corrosion inhibitors reported are not eco-friendly because of their toxicity and difficulties faced in their disposal especially in the marine industry, where aquatic life is at threat. Hence the use of many inorganic inhibitors, particularly those containing phosphate, chromate, and other heavy metals, is now being gradually restricted or banned by various environmental regulations [4]. This has prompted researchers to explore and utilize eco-friendly, cheap, and biodegradable corrosion inhibitors to replace conventional organic inhibitors.

Several natural products such as plant extract, amino acids, and biopolymers have been reported to be efficient corrosion inhibitors [5].  Out of these, plant extracts have become important as an environmentally acceptable, readily available and renewable source for wide range of inhibitors. They are the rich sources of ingredients such as fatty acids which have very high inhibition efficiency.  Structural modification of many fatty acids resulted in various heterocylic derivatives, hence provided more active centres in their structures; which enabled easy adsorption on metal surface [6, 7].  The new generation of environmental regulations also requires such compounds which can replace the conventional toxic chemicals [8].

2. FATTY ACIDS AND ITS DERIVATIVES AS CORROSION INHIBITORS

2.1. Metal

Steel is most important metal widely used in various applications like construction, marine applications, industrial equipment’s and petroleum industry. The excellent mechanical properties and low cost made steel as unique material for such industrial applications. The corrosion resistance of steel samples with different composition by fatty acid derivatives has been reviewed.

2.2. Medium

Industrial operations such as oil well acidification, acid pickling, acid cleaning and acid descaling are operating in acidic environment. Similarly, some industries are operating in marine environment having basic or chloride medium. The acidic, basic or chloride content on steel generally leads to severe metallic deterioration. Different concentrations of acids, bases and sodium chloride solution have been utilized to analyze the corrosion inhibition of steel by fatty acid derivatives.

2.3. Methods

Weight loss method is an important method to get the preliminary data of corrosion rate of a metal. Many other methods including potentiodynamic polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, gravimetric method, electrochemical frequency modulation etc. have been utilized to analyze the corrosion inhibition of steel samples by fatty acid derivatives. In some of the studies, scanning electron microscope has been used to analyze the formation of a protective film on the metal surface by the addition of inhibitors.

2.4. Corrosion Inhibitors

Several fatty acids and their derivatives have been preferably studied for the corrosion inhibition of steel samples as they are more environmentally benign, less toxic and more cost effective (Table 1). Several reports demonstrated that the sustainable use of bio products is good alternative to the synthesis of environmentally friendly inhibitors with high corrosion inhibition efficiencies. The spectral data like FT-IR and 1H-NMR had been utilized to characterize the synthesized compounds. Majority of the fatty acid derivatives showed promising corrosion inhibition efficiencies under the outlined test conditions. The corrosion prevention efficiencies of various fatty acid derivatives were varied according to their chemical structures. The inhibition efficiency was also found to vary with concentration, temperature and immersion time. The potentiodynamic polarization data helped to identify the type of inhibitors. The surface and adsorption characteristics showed that all the investigated compounds have significant surface activity and distinguished inhibition efficiency.

Table-1.  List of fatty acid derivatives used as corrosion inhibitors for various steel samples.

Vegetable oil / Fatty acid Derivative Steel Sample Medium Adsorption Isotherm Type of Inhibitor Reference
Azelaic acid Sodium, calcium and lead salts Steel pH range 4.0-6.0 Langmuir Mixed [9]
Capric acid Sodium, calcium and lead salts Steel pH range 4.0-6.0 Langmuir Mixed [9]
Caproic acid Sodium, calcium and lead salts Steel pH range 4.0-6.0 Langmuir Mixed [9]
Caprylic acid Sodium, calcium and lead salts Steel pH range 4.0-6.0 Langmuir Mixed [9]
Castor seed oil  Ethyl esters Mild steel HCl and petroleum - water mixtures Langmuir Mixed [10]
Corchorus olitorius stems  - Mild steel 0.5M H2SO4 Langmuir Mixed [11]
Corn oil  Surfactants Mild steel NaCl Langmuir Mixed [12]
Diethanolamine complexes Mild steel 1% NaCl Langmuir Mixed [13]
Cotton seed oil Ethoxylate Steel 1M HCl Langmuir Mixed  [14]
Diethanolamine complexes Mild steel 1% NaCl Langmuir Mixed [13]
Decanoic acid, 1-aminoanthraquinone amide Steel (API 5L-X60) White petrol–water mixture Langmuir Anodic  [15]
Diospyros Kaki L.f husk - Steel 1M HCl Langmuir Mixed [16]
Ethoxylated nonyl phenols  Amide Carbon 1M HCl Langmuir Mixed [17]
Steel
  Amine Carbon steel (Type L52) 1M HCl Langmuir Mixed [18]
Hexadecanoyl chloride Amido-amine derivatives Carbon steel 1M HCl Temkin Mixed [19]
Karanja oil Triazoles Mild steel 1M HCl Langmuir Mixed [20]
Phenyl semicarbazides Mild steel 1M HCl Langmuir Mixed [21]
  Hydrazides and thiosemicarbazides Mild steel 15% HCl Temkin’s Mixed  [22]
  Imidazoline Mild steel 15% HCl Temkin’s Mixed [23]
Lauric acid Oxadiazole Steel 1M HCI and 1N H2SO4 Temkin's  Mixed  [24]
Oxadiazole Mild steel 1M HCl  Langmuir Cathodic [25]
Oxadiazoles Mild steel 20% Formic acid Langmuir Mixed [26]
Oxadiazoles Steel (N-80) and mild steel 15% HCl Temkin’s Mixed  [27]
Triazole Mild steel 20% Formic acid Temkin’s Mixed  [28]
Triazoles Oil Well Steel (N-80) and Mild Steel 15% HCl Temkin’s Mixed- [29]
Linoleic acid Polyethylene glycol Mild steel 0.05M HCl Langmuir Mixed [30]
Triethanolamine salts Iron 0.5M deaerated H2S04 Langmuir Mixed  [31]
Linolenic Triethanolamine salts Iron 0.5M deaerated H2S04 Langmuir Mixed  [31]
acid
Linseed oil Oil Carbon steel 1M HCl Langmuir Mixed [32]
Ethoxylate Steel 1M HCl Langmuir Mixed  [14]
Neem oil Triazoles Mild steel 1M HCl Langmuir Mixed [20]
Phenyl semicarbazides Mild steel 1M HCl Langmuir Mixed [21]
Octanoic acid 1-aminoanthraquinone amide Steel (API 5L-X60) White petrol–water mixture Langmuir Anodic  [15]
Oenanthic acid Sodium, calcium and lead salts Steel pH range 4.0-6.0 Langmuir Mixed [9]
Oleic acid 1-aminoanthraquinone amide Steel (API 5L-X60) White petrol–water mixture Langmuir Anodic  [15]
Ethoxylate Low carbon steel   L-shaped isotherm Mixed [33]
Ethyl esters Low carbon steel 1M HCl S- shaped isotherm Mixed [34]
Imidazoline Carbon steel 1% NaCl Langmuir Mixed [35]
Oxadiazole Steel 1M HCI and 1M H2SO4 Temkin's  Mixed  [24]
Oxadiazoles Mild steel 20% Formic acid Langmuir Mixed [26]
Oxadiazoles Steel (N-80) and mild steel 15% HCl Temkin’s Mixed  [27]
Phosphonated Steel   Langmuir Mixed [36]
Polyethylene glycol Mild steel 0.05M HCl Langmuir Mixed [30]
Triazole Mild steel 20% Formic acid Temkin’s Mixed  [28]
Triazoles Oil Well Steel (N-80) and Mild Steel 15% HCl Temkin’s Mixed [29]
Triethanolamine salts Iron 0.5M deaerated H2S04 Langmuir Mixed  [31]
Palm kernel oil - Carbon steel 1M NaOH Langmuir Mixed [37]
Palm oil - Ductile Iron and Mild Steel 1M NaOH Langmuir Mixed [38]
Monoethanolamine Surfactants Mild steel 1% NaCl Langmuir Mixed [39]
Diethanolamine complexes Mild steel 1% NaCl Langmuir Mixed [13]
Palmitic acid Oxadiazoles Mild steel 1M HCl  Langmuir Cathodic [25]
Imidazoline Mild steel 15% HCl Temkin’s Mixed [23]
Hydrazide Mild steel 1M HCl Langmuir Mixed [40]
Ethoxylate Low carbon steel   L-shaped isotherms Mixed [33]
Pelargonic acid Sodium, calcium and lead salts Steel pH range 4.0-6.0 Langmuir Mixed [9]
Rice bran oil Amide Steel 3.5% NaCl Langmuir Mixed [41]
Triazoles Mild steel 1M HCl Langmuir Mixed [20]
Phenyl semicarbazides Mild steel 1M HCl Langmuir Mixed [21]
Ricinoleic acid Polyethylene glycol Mild steel 0.05M HCl Langmuir Mixed [30]
Rosmarinus officinalis - 1018carbon steel 0.5M H2SO4 Langmuir Mixed [42]
Rubber seed oil Ethyl esters Mild steel HCl and petroleum - water mixtures Langmuir Mixed [10]
Sebacic acid Sodium, calcium and lead salts Steel pH range 4.0-6.0 Langmuir Mixed [9]
Soya bean oil Ethoxylate Steel 1M HCl Langmuir Mixed  [14]
Stearic acid Hydrazides and thiosemicarbazides Mild steel 15% HCl Temkin’s Mixed  [22]
Imidazoline Mild steel 15% HCl Temkin’s Mixed [23]
Polyethylene glycol Mild steel 0.05M HCl Langmuir Mixed [30]
Imidazoline Carbon steel 1% NaCl Langmuir Mixed [35]
Ethoxylate Low carbon steel   L-shaped isotherms Mixed [33]
Suberic acid Sodium, calcium and lead salts Steel pH range 4.0-6.0 Langmuir Mixed [9]
Sugar cane wax Imidazolines 1018 carbon 1M HCl Langmuir Mixed [43]
Steel
Sulfated fatty acid Potassium salt Mild steel 1% NaCl Langmuir Mixed [44]
Sunflower oil Sulfate Carbon steel 1%  NaCl Langmuir Mixed [45].
Surfactant Mild steel 1% NaCl  Langmuir Mixed [46]
Surfactants Carbon steel   Langmuir Mixed [47]
Diethanolamine complexes Mild steel 1% NaCl Langmuir Mixed [13]
Tall oil Ethyl esters Low carbon steel 1M HCl S- shaped isotherm Mixed [34]
Diethylenetriamine imidazoline Mild steel Chloride solution Langmuir Mixed [48]
Acid anhydrides Carbon steel   Langmuir Mixed [49]
Ethoxylate Steel 1M HCl Langmuir Mixed  [14]
Terminalia catappa seed oil Esters Mild steel 1M HCl Langmuir Mixed [50]
Tetradecanoyl chloride  Amido-amine derivatives Carbon steel 1M HCl Temkin Mixed [19]
Undecanoic acid  Hydrazides and thiosemicarbazides Mild steel 15% HCl Temkin’s Mixed  [22]
Oxadiazole Steel 1M HCI and 1M H2SO4 Temkin's  Mixed  [24]
Oxadiazoles Mild steel 20% Formic acid Langmuir Mixed [26]
Oxadiazoles Steel (N-80) and mild steel 15% HCl Temkin’s Mixed  [27]
Phenylamide Steel 2M HCl Langmuir Mixed  [51]
Triazole Mild steel 20% Formic acid Temkin’s Mixed  [28]
Triazoles Oil Well Steel (N-80) and Mild Steel 15% HCl Temkin’s Mixed [29]
 

3. CONCLUSIONS

This review summarized the corrosion inhibition of steel samples by fatty acid derivatives in various medium. From the above discussion, it is evident that fatty acid derivatives are environmentally benign, less toxic and more cost effective corrosion inhibitors against mild steel. These fatty acid derivatives can be utilized in diverse industrial fields as corrosion inhibitors. However, there is need of further study to establish the detailed mechanisms of corrosion inhibition by fatty acid derivatives using computational modelling. This will help to design more appropriate heterocylic derivatives of fatty acid, which can serve as better corrosion inhibitors.

Funding: This study received no specific financial support.

Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Contributors/Acknowledgement: All authors contributed equally to the conception and design of the study.

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